Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau

Noël Édouard, Vicomte de Curières de Castelnau
Édouard de Castelnau
Nickname(s)	the fighting friar
Born	24 December 1851 Saint-Affrique, France
Died	19 March 1944 (aged 92) Montastruc-la-Conseillère, France
Allegiance	France
Service/branch	French Army
Years of service	1870–1919
Rank	General
Commands held	2nd Army
Battles/wars	Franco-Prussian War World War I
Awards	Grand cross of the Légion d'honneur

Noël Édouard Marie Joseph, Vicomte de Curières de Castelnau (24 December 1851 – 19 March 1944) was a French general in World War I. He represented the militant Catholic element in the French Army, and headed the Féderation Nationale Catholique. Despite his significant achievements during the war, he was never named Marshal of France.

Born in Aveyron to a family with a long history of military service, he joined the army in 1870 and fought in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870–71. He was Catholic and nicknamed le Capucin Botté (the fighting friar). In 1900 he was removed from the general staff for his anti-Dreyfusard attitude. Nevertheless he became deputy to Joseph Joffre 1911 to 1914. He helped to develop the strategic Plan XVII for the recapture of Alsace-Lorraine as part of an invasion of Germany. In 1914 he commanded Second Army the goal of advancing into German-held Lorraine. He was decisively defeated at the Battle of the Frontiers in August 1914. Castelnau was able to organize a defence at Nancy.

In June 1915 he was appointed to command the newly created Central Army Group. Later that year he was made chief of staff to Joffre, and in 1916 he organised the initial defence at the Battle of Verdun, before appointing Philippe Pétain to the command.

After the dismissal of Joffre and the appointment of Robert Nivelle in 1916 Castelnau was retired from active service. He was sent on the Allied Mission to Russia in the early months of 1917, just prior to the Fall of the Tsar. When Nivelle was dismissed and replaced with Philippe Pétain, Castelnau was recalled to the command of the Eastern Army Group where he commanded the advance into Lorraine in 1918.

Recognizing the hopelessness of modern trench warfare, he once remarked: "Ah, Napoleon, Napoleon. If he were here now, he'd have thought of something else." Three of Castelnau's sons were killed in the war.