Nikolay Shchors
| Mykola Shchors | |
|---|---|
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|
| Born |
June 6, 1895 Snovsk, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | August 30, 1919 (aged 24) near Biloshytsya, Volyn Governorate, Ukraine |
| Allegiance |
 Russian Empire (1914–1917) Soviet Ukraine (1918–1919) |
| Service/branch |
Russian Imperial Army Red Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1919 |
| Rank | Comdiv |
| Unit | Bohun Regiment |
| Commands held | Bohun Regiment 2nd Brigade (1st Ukrainian Soviet Division) 44th Riflemen Division |
| Battles/wars |
World War I Ukrainian–Soviet War |
| Awards | Honorary weapon |
Mykola Oleksandrovich Shchors (Ukrainian: Микола Олександрович Щорс; 6 June [O.S. 25 May] 1895 – 30 August 1919) was a Red Army commander, member of the Russian Communist Party, renowned for his personal courage during the Russian Civil War and sometimes being called the Ukrainian Chapayev. In 1918–1919 he fought against the new established Ukrainian government in Kyiv. Later he commanded the Bohunsky regiment, brigade, 1st Soviet Ukrainian division and 44th rifle division against Symon Petlura and his Polish allies. Shchors was slain in battle.
Nikolay Shchors was born in the village of Snovsk of Gorodnya uyezd (Chernigov Governorate) into a family of kulaks. His father Aleksandr Nikolayevich, a locomotive engineer, according to the official Soviet historiography, arrived from a town of Stowbtsy (Minsk Governorate) "in search of better life" to Snovsk where he was able to build his own house (since August 1939 – a memorial museum). Nikolay Shchors was the oldest child amongst his other siblings: Konstantin (1896–1979), Akulina (1898–1937), Yekaterina (1900–1984), Olga (1900–1985). In 1905 Nikolai enrolled into a parish church school. In 1906 giving a birth to another child Nikolai's mother, Aleksandra Mikhailovna Tabelchuk, died due to loss of blood. About six months after the death of his wife, Nikolai's father remarried, this time to Maria Konstantinovna Podbelo. Aleksandr and Maria had five more children: Grigori, Zinaida, Boris, Raisa, and Lidia. In 1909 Nikolai Shchors graduated from his church school.
In 1910 he enrolled into a military medical college (uchilishche) in Kiev, which was established in 1833 and was considered one of the best. The school was usually attended by the children of retired soldiers. Among some of the graduates were Ivan Ohienko, Ostap Vyshnya, Mykhailo Donets, and others. The state scholarship allowed a free enrollment which had to be repaid by volunteer service in the army. Nikolai graduated from the school in 1914 and upon receiving the rank of a junior physician assistant was transferred to the Vilna Military District. In September 1914 when the Russian Empire was drawn into World War I, Nikolai went to the front lines as part of the 3rd Light Artillery Division near Vilno where he served as a medical assistant. During one of the battles, he was wounded and evacuated from the area to recover.
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