Nikolay Pirogov
| Nikolay Pirogov | |
|---|---|
Nikolay Pirogov in 1870
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| Born |
25 November 1810 Moscow, Russian Empire |
| Died | 5 December 1881 (aged 71) Vishnya, Russian Empire (now Vinnytsia, Ukraine) |
| Residence | Russian Empire |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Fields | Medicine, Surgery, Anatomy |
| Institutions | University of Dorpat |
| Alma mater | Imperial Moscow University |
| Known for | Field surgery |
| Notable awards | Demidov Prize (1844, 1851 and 1860) |
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1810 – 5 December [O.S. 23 November] 1881) was a prominent Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847). He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. He was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847), invented various kinds of surgical operations, and developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones. He is one of the most widely recognized Russian physicians.
Pirogov was born on 25 November 1810 in Moscow, Russia, to a major in the commissary service. He learned to read in several languages as a young child. His father died in 1824, leaving his family destitute. Pirogov originally intended to become a civil servant, but the family doctor, Efrem Mukhin, who was a professor of anatomy and physiology at Moscow State University, persuaded the authorities to accept him as a student aged only 14.
Despite limited experience at medical school, Pirogov decided to specialize as a surgeon when he completed his studies in 1828. He completed further studies at the German University of Dorpat, (now the state university in Tartu, Estonia), receiving a doctorate in 1832 on the ligation of the ventral aorta. There he studied under Professor Moyer, who was trained by Italian anatomist Antonio Scarpa, both influencing figures for Pirogov, and was professor from 1836 to 1840. In May 1833, he travelled to Berlin, meeting surgeons Karl Ferdinand von Graefe, Johann Nepomuk Rust and Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach at the University of Berlin. Germany's renowned surgeon, Professor Bernhard von Langenbeck, taught Pirogov how to properly use the scalpel, namely like a violin bow. Pirogov also visited the University of Göttingen.
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