Nicolai Anders von Hartwiss
| Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Nikolaus Ernst Bartholomäus Anhorn von Hartwiss 24 May 1793 Kokenhof, Livonia |
| Died | 6 December 1860 Artek, Crimea |
| Residence | Artek near Ayu-Dag, Crimea |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Education | University of Dorpat (= Tartu) |
| Occupation | botanist and plant breeder |
| Employer | Nikita Imperial Botanic Garden, Yalta, Crimea |
| Title | Director of the Botanic Garden |
| Term | 1827–1860 |
| Predecessor | H.H. Steven |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Feodorovna Baroness von Rosen |
| Parent(s) | Heinrich Ernst Anhorn von Hartwiss of Livonia and Christiane Anhorn von Hartwiss (his first cousin) |
Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss (Николай Андерс фон Хартвис; 1793–1860) was a Livonian-born Russian botanist, plant explorer and plant breeder. His education at the university in Tartu was interrupted by the Napoleonic Wars 1812–1818 when he served in the Russian army. Afterwards he worked on his father's estate and by 1824 was living in Riga and had a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses. He was then appointed to the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden at Nikita where he served as a director for the rest of his career. He is remembered for his plant collection explorations of Georgia and the Crimea, and for the breeding of roses.
Von Hartwiss was born Nikolaus Ernst Bartholomäus Anhorn von Hartwiss in 1793 at his father's estate at Kokenhof near Wolmar, Livonia (now Valmiera, Latvia). The family Anhorn von Hartwiss (double name) comes from Switzerland. His grandfather Silvester Samuel (1708–1782) descended from Swiss Protestant pastors and emigrated to Russia. His father, Heinrich Ernst was a registered member of the Livonian nobility (reg. 1769). He married his first cousin Christina Louisa. Nikolaus was their tenth child. By that time Livonia (roughly present day Latvia and the southern part of Estonia) had been absorbed (under the Governorate of Livonia) into the Russian Empire, but the nobility still retained its ancient Baltic German forms and spoke Low German.
Nikolaus was educated at German-speaking Dorpat (now Tartu) university (1809-1812), where his studies were interrupted by Napoleon.
He was an officer of the Russian Army in the Napoleonic Wars 1812–1818, discharged with wounds. This implies that he was (and remained) a subject of the Tsar, not in any sense a Russian citizen.
Von Hartwiss at one time gained practical gardening experience laying out fields of flowers, fruit trees and both exotic and domestic trees on his father's estate. In 1819–1824 he lived in Riga, gardening and fruit growing, with a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses.
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