Neostigmine
 |
|
 |
|
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Prostigmin, Vagostigmin, other |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Routes of administration |
IM, IV, sub-Q, by mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Unclear, probably less than 5% |
| Metabolism | Slow hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase and also by plasma esterases |
| Onset of action | within 30 min (injection), with 4 hrs (by mouth) |
| Biological half-life | 50–90 minutes |
| Duration of action | up to 4 hrs |
| Excretion | Unchanged drug (up to 70%) and alcoholic metabolite (30%) are excreted in the urine |
| Identifiers | |
|
|
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H19N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 223.294 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
|
|
|
|
  (what is this?)
|
|
Neostigmine, sold under the brand name Prostigmin among others, is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis, Ogilvie syndrome, and urinary retention without the presence of a blockage. It is also used together with atropine to end the effects of neuromuscular blocking medication of the non-depolarizing type. It is given by injection either into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. After injection effects are generally greatest within 30 minutes and last up to 4 hours.
Common side effects include nausea, increased saliva, crampy abdominal pain, and slow heart rate. More severe side effects include low blood pressure, weakness, and allergic reactions. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase and therefore increases the levels of acetylcholine.
Neostigmine was patented in 1931. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.18 to 2.6 USD per dose.The term is from Greek neos, meaning "new," and "-stigmine," in reference to its parent molecule, physostigmine, on which it is based.
...
Wikipedia