Natalya Shikolenko (Belarusian: Натальля Шыкаленка; born August 1, 1964 in Andizhan, Uzbekistan) is a javelin thrower who represented USSR and later Belarus. She won an Olympic silver medal and a World Championship gold.
Her sister Tatyana Shikolenko is also a successful javelin thrower, first representing Belarus but switching to Russia in 1996.