Napoleon Cybulski
| Napoleon Cybulski | |
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Napoleon Cybulski
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| Born |
September 14, 1854 Kryvanosy, Russian Empire |
| Died | April 26, 1919 (aged 64) Cracow, Poland |
| Occupation | Physiologist and one of pioneers of endocrinology and electroencephalography |
| Known for | discovery of adrenaline |
| Awards | Erazm and Anna Jerzmanowski Foundation Award Order of Polonia Restituta |
Napoleon Cybulski (14 September 1854 – 26 April 1919) was a Polish physiologist and a pioneer of endocrinology and electroencephalography. The discoverer of adrenaline, in 1895 he was the first to isolate and identify the substance.
Napoleon Cybulski was born on 14 September 1854 in Krzywonosy, in the Russian Empire (present-day Belarus). He came from a Polish noble family. His father was Józef Napoleon Cybulski, of the Prawdzic coat of arms, and his mother was Marcjanna Cybulska, née Hutorowicz.
Cybulski graduated from secondary school in Minsk and studied medicine at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 1880 he received his physician's diploma cum eximia laude (with the highest distinction). In 1877–85 he worked as an assistant at the Military Medical Academy in the Department of Physiology under Ivan Tarkhanov. In 1885 he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine with a thesis on the velocity of blood flow as detected by a photohematochrometer, a device he had constructed himself. He also carried out research on the influence of the phrenic nerve on the respiration rate and on the larynx and the vagus nerves.
The same year (1885), he moved to Kraków and became head of the Department of Physiology at the Jagiellonian University. In 1887–88 and 1895–96 he served as dean of the Faculty of Medicine and subsequently as rector (1904–5) and deputy rector (1905–9) of the university. He was the founder of the Kraków School of Physiology and from 31 October 1891 was an active member of the Academy of Learning. His students included Adolf Beck, Władysław Szymonowicz, Leon Wachholz, Aleksander Rosner, and Stanisław Maziarski.
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