Mwambutsa IV

Mwambutsa IV
King of Burundi
Mwambutsa pictured during a visit to Israel in 1962
Reign	16 December 1915 – 8 July 1966
Coronation	16 December 1915
Predecessor	Mutaga IV Mbikije
Successor	Ntare V Ndizeye
Born	c. 1912 Nyabiyogi, Burundi
Died	March 26, 1977(1977-03-26) (aged 64-65) Geneva, Switzerland
Burial	Meyrin, Switzerland
Issue	Charles Ndizeye (Ntare V) Rosa Paula Iribagiza
House	Ntwero
Father	Mutaga IV Mbikije
Mother	Princess Ngenzahago
Religion	Catholicism

Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge (1912–77) was king (mwami) of Burundi who ruled between 1915 and 1966. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Mutaga IV Mbikije (r. 1908–15). Born while Burundi was under German colonial rule, Mwambutsa's reign mostly coincided with Belgian colonial rule (1916–62). The Belgians retained the monarchs of both Rwanda and Burundi under the policy of indirect rule.

Mwambutsa IV was born Prince Bangiricenge in c. 1912. Like other Burundian kings, he was an ethnic Ganwa (Tutsi). He became king, taking the regnal name Mwambutsa, on 16 December 1915 when he was still an infant following the death of his father in a family dispute. Because of his age, a regency was declared. Several family members, including the Queen Mother Ririkumutima, served as regent. At the time of his coronation, Burundi was part of German East Africa but was captured by Belgium in 1916 during the East African Campaign in World War I. In 1925, a full regency council was established with Belgian approval. Mwambutsa became a ruler in his own right on 28 August 1929.

On the independence of Burundi in July 1962, Mwambutsa IV became the head of state of Burundi with far reaching political power. In Rwanda, the monarchy had been overthrown between 1959–62. He attempted to balance ethnic tensions between ethnic Hutu and Tutsi subjects by choosing his Prime Ministers from each ethnic group alternately. In October 1965, Hutu officers attempted a coup d'état against the monarchy. Despite their failure to take power, Mwambutsa fled into exile in the Republic of the Congo, eventually moving to Switzerland. In March 1966 he designated his only surviving son to exercise his powers on the spot. Still in exile, Mwambutsa was officially deposed in a second coup d'état and brought his son to power as Ntare V on 8 July 1966. The monarchy was finally abolished altogether in a third coup in November 1966 and its leader, Michel Micombero, came to power as president and de facto dictator. Mwambutsa spent the rest of his life in Switzerland where he died in 1977.