Montségur

Montségur
Montségur seen from the castle
Coat of arms
Montségur
Location within Occitanie region  Montségur
Coordinates: 42°52′20″N 1°50′03″E / 42.8722°N 1.8342°E / 42.8722; 1.8342Coordinates: 42°52′20″N 1°50′03″E / 42.8722°N 1.8342°E / 42.8722; 1.8342
Country	France
Region	Occitanie
Department	Ariège
Arrondissement	Foix
Canton	Lavelanet
Government
• Mayor	Robert Finance (since 2014)
Area1	37.16 km2 (14.35 sq mi)
Population (2008)2	108
• Density	2.9/km2 (7.5/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code	09211 /09300
Elevation	630–2,365 m (2,067–7,759 ft) (avg. 918 m or 3,012 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Montségur is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

It is famous for its fortification, the Château de Montségur, that was built on the "pog" (mountain) on the ruins of one of the last strongholds of the Cathars. The present fortress on the site, though described as one of the "Cathar castles," is from a later period. It has been listed as a historic site by the French Ministry of Culture since 1862.

The earliest signs of settlement in the area date back to the time of the Neanderthals, around 80,000 years ago.

Evidence of Roman occupation such as Roman currency and tools have also been found in and around the site. The name "Montségur" comes from Latin mons securus ("safe hill") which evolved into mont ségur in Occitan.

In the late 1204 the chateau was fortified to guard the southern frontier.

In the Middle Ages the Montségur region was ruled by the Counts of Toulouse, the Viscounts of Carcassonne and finally the Counts of Foix. In 1243–44, at the end of the Albigensian Crusade, the Cathars (a religious sect considered heretical by the Catholic Church) who had sought refuge at the Montségur fortress were besieged by 10,000 troops, in what is now known as the siege of Montségur. In March 1244, the Cathars finally surrendered and approximately 244 were burned en masse in a bonfire at the foot of the pog when they refused to renounce their faith. Some 25 took the ultimate Cathar vow of consolamentum perfecti in the two weeks before the final surrender. The Inquisitors kept faithful accounts and included the names of many, who are remembered every year on the anniversary of the massacre on March 16. These names are also displayed at the museum in the village of Montsegur.