Mongol invasions of India

Invasions of India
Part of the Mongol conquests, Mongol invasion of Central Asia
Date a) 1221–1225 b) 1235–1241, 1254–1255 c) 1257–1258 d) 1293–1298 e) 1299–1311, 1327 f) 1320 Location North-Western Indian subcontinent and parts of Central Asia Result Mongol Empire conquers Indian borderlands but repelled from interior. Mongols continue raids throughout the 14th century. Territorial changes Mongol Empire gains control of Central Asia, Kashmir, and exterior portions of Indian subcontinent. Delhi Sultanate retains hold of Indian interior.
Belligerents
a) Mongol Empire b) Mongol Empire Khokhar c) Mongol Empire Ilkhanate Qara'unas Sindh d) Chagatai Khanate Qara'unas e) Chagatai Khanate Qara'unas f) Qara'unas	a) Punjab Sindh Kerman b)Kashmir Delhi Sultanate c) Delhi Sultanate d) Delhi Sultanate Rajputs e) Delhi Sultanate f) Delhi Sultanate	a) Khwarazmian dynasty Ghor Peshawar Salt Range Ghori Turkmen Khilji dynasty
Commanders and leaders
a) Genghis Khan Dorbei the Fierce Bala Turtai b) Ögedei Khan Dayir Möngke Khan Sali Sham al-Din Muhammad Kart c) Hulagu Khan Sali Bahadur Sali Noyan d) Abdullah Ulugh Saldi e) Qutlugh Khwaja Kebek Ali Beg Tartaq Abachi Tarmashirin f) Zulju	a) unknown b) unknown c) unknown d) Zafar Khan e) Alauddin Khilji Zafar Khan Ghazi Malik Malik Kafur Ulugh Khan Muhammad bin Tughluq f) Suhadeva Ramacandra	a) Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu Kalich Khan Uzbek Pai Hassan Qarlugh

The Mongol Empire launched several invasions into the Indian subcontinent from 1221 to 1327, with many of the later raids made by the unruly Qaraunas of Mongol origin. The Mongols occupied parts of modern Pakistan and other parts of Punjab for decades. As the Mongols progressed into the Indian hinterland and reached the outskirts of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate led a campaign against them in which the Mongol army inflicted huge losses on the rival army, but were beaten back nonetheless.

The Mughal Empire founded by Babur, however, successfully conquered most of the Indian subcontinent in the 16th and the 17th centuries.

After pursuing Jalal ad-Din into India from Samarkand and defeating him at the battle of Indus in 1221, Genghis Khan sent two tumens (20,000 soldiers) under commanders Dorbei the Fierce and Bala to continue the chase. The Mongol commander Bala chased Jalal ad-Din throughout the Punjab region and attacked outlying towns like Bhera and Multan and had even sacked the outskirts of Lahore. Jalal ad-Din regrouped, forming a small army from survivors of the battle and sought an alliance, or even an asylum, with the Turkic rulers of Delhi Sultanate, but was turned down.

Jalal ad-Din fought against the local rulers in the Punjab, and usually defeated them in the open and occupied their lands. Local tribes of Punjab came in his service, like the khokhar tribe of the Salt Range. The Khokhar Rai's son joined Jalal ad-Din's army along with his clansmen. Jalal ad-Din's soldiers were under his officers Uzbek Pai and Hassan Qarlugh.

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