Mongol-Tatars

Mongol Empire
ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ Ikh Mongol Uls
Nomadic empire
1206–1368
Expansion of the Mongol Empire 1206–1294 superimposed on a modern political map of Eurasia.
Capital		1206–35  Avarga 1235–60  Karakorum  1260–1368  Khanbaliq (Dadu)
Languages		Mongolian Chinese Turkic Persian and other languages
Religion		Initially Tengrism Shamanism Later Islam Buddhism Nestorianism
Government		Elective monarchy; later also hereditary
Great Khan
•	1206–1227	Genghis Khan
•	1229–1241	Ögedei Khan
•	1246–1248	Güyük Khan
•	1251–1259	Möngke Khan
•	1260–1294	Kublai Khan (Nominal)
•	1333–1368	Toghan Temür Khan (Nominal)
Legislature		Kurultai
History
•	Genghis Khan proclaims the Mongol Empire	1206
•	Death of Genghis Khan	1227
•	Pax Mongolica	1250–1350
•	Empire fragments	1260–1294
•	Fall of Yuan dynasty	1368
•	Collapse of the Chagatai Khanate	1687
Area
•	1206 (Unification of Mongolia)	4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi)
•	1227 (Genghis Khan's death)	13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi)
•	1294 (Kublai's death)	23,500,000 km2 (9,100,000 sq mi)
•	1309 (Last formal reunification)	24,000,000 km2 (9,300,000 sq mi)
Currency		Various
Preceded by Succeeded by Khamag Mongol Khwarazmian Empire Qara Khitai Jīn dynasty Song dynasty Western Xia Abbasid Caliphate Nizari Ismaili state Kievan Rus' Volga Bulgaria Cumania Alania Kingdom of Dali Kimek Khanate Sultanate of Rum Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde Ilkhanate Yuan dynasty Northern Yuan dynasty Timurid Empire Anatolian Beyliks Mamluk Sultanate Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren  listen ; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн; [mɔŋɡ(ɔ)ɮˈiːŋ ɛt͡sˈɛnt ˈɡurəŋ]; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in the steppes of Central Asia, the Mongol Empire eventually stretched from Central Europe to the Sea of Japan, extending northwards into Siberia, eastwards and southwards into the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, and the Iranian plateau, and westwards as far as the Levant and Arabia.

The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of nomadic tribes in the Mongol homeland under the leadership of Genghis Khan, whom a council proclaimed ruler of all the Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and that of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction. The vast transcontinental empire connected the east with the west with an enforced Pax Mongolica, allowing the dissemination and exchange of trade, technologies, commodities, and ideologies across Eurasia.