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Methane gas

Methane
Stereo, skeletal formula of methane with some measurements added
Ball and stick model of methane
Spacefill model of methane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Methane
Systematic IUPAC name
Carbane (never recommended)
Other names
  • Marsh Gas
  • Natural Gas
  • Carbon tetrahydride
  • Hydrogen carbide
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
3DMet B01450
1718732
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.739
EC Number 200-812-7
59
KEGG
MeSH Methane
PubChem CID
RTECS number PA1490000
UN number 1971
Properties
CH4
Molar mass 16.04 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 0.656 g/L (gas, 25 °C, 1 atm)
0.716 g/L (gas, 0 °C, 1 atm)
0.42262 g cm−3
(liquid, −162 °C)
Melting point −182.5 °C; −296.4 °F; 90.7 K
Boiling point −161.49 °C; −258.68 °F; 111.66 K
22.7 mg L−1
Solubility soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, methanol, acetone
log P 1.09
14 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
-12.2·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Td
Tetrahedron
0 D
Thermochemistry
35.69 J K−1 mol−1
186.25 J K−1 mol−1
−74.87 kJ mol−1
−891.1 to −890.3 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H220
P210
Extremely Flammable F+
R-phrases R12
S-phrases (S2), S16, S33
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −188 °C (−306.4 °F; 85.1 K)
537 °C (999 °F; 810 K)
Explosive limits 4.4–17%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Methane (US /ˈmɛθeɪn/ or UK /ˈmiːθeɪn/) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen). It is a group 14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an attractive fuel, though capturing and storing it poses challenges due to its gaseous state under normal conditions for temperature and pressure.

Natural methane is found both below ground and under the sea floor. When it reaches the surface and the atmosphere, it is known as atmospheric methane. The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).


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