Mazatecan languages
| Mazatec | |
|---|---|
| En Ngixo | |
| Region | Mexico, states of Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz |
| Ethnicity | Mazatec |
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Native speakers
|
220,000 (2010 census) |
|
Oto-Manguean
|
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| Official status | |
|
Official language in
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In Mexico through the General Law of Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples (in Spanish). |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: maa – Tecóatl maj – Jalapa maq – Chiquihuitlán mau – Huautla mzi – Ixcatlán vmp – Soyaltepec vmy – Ayautla vmz – Mazatlán |
| Glottolog | maza1295 |
The Mazatecan language, number 7 (olive), center-east.
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The Mazatecan languages are a group of closely related indigenous languages spoken by some 200,000 people in the area known as La Sierra Mazateca, which is located in the northern part of the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, as well as in adjacent areas of the states of Puebla and Veracruz.
The group is often described as a single language called Mazatec, but because several varieties are not mutually intelligible, they are better described as a group of languages. The languages belong to the Popolocan subgroup of the Oto-Manguean language family. Under the "Law of Linguistic Rights" they are recognized as "national languages" along with the other indigenous languages of Mexico and Spanish.
The Mazatec language is vigorous in many of the smaller communities of the Mazatec area, and in many towns it is spoken by almost all inhabitants; however, the language is beginning to lose terrain to Spanish in some of the larger communities like Huautla de Jimenez and Jalapa de Díaz.
Like other Oto-Manguean languages, the Mazatecan languages are tonal, and tone plays an integral part in distinguishing both lexical items and grammatical categories. The centrality of tone to the Mazatec language is exploited by the system of whistle speech which is employed in most Mazatec communities and which allows speakers of the language to have entire conversations only by whistling.
The Mazatecan languages are part of the Oto-Manguean language family and belong to the family's Eastern branch. In that branch, they belong to the Popolocan subgroup together with the Popoloca, Ixcatec and Chocho languages. Brinton was the first to propose a classification of the Mazatec languages, which he correctly grouped with the Zapotec and Mixtec languages. In 1892 he second-guessed his own previous classification and suggested that Mazatec was in fact related to Chiapanec-Mangue and Chibcha.
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Wikipedia