Max Reinhardt (theatre director)
| Max Reinhardt | |
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Reinhardt in 1911, photograph by Nicola Perscheid
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| Born |
Maximilian Goldmann September 9, 1873 Baden, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | October 30, 1943 (aged 70) New York City, New York, United States |
| Resting place | Westchester Hills Cemetery |
| Occupation | Theatre director, actor |
| Spouse(s) | Else Heims (1910-1935; divorced; 1 child) Helene Thimig (1935-1943; his death) |
| Children | Wolfgang Reinhardt Gottfried Reinhardt |
Max Reinhardt (September 9, 1873 – October 30, 1943) was an Austrian-born American theatre and film director, intendant, and theatrical producer. With his innovative stage productions, he is regarded as one of the most prominent directors of German-language theatre in the early 20th century. In 1920, he established the Salzburg Festival with the performance of Hofmannsthal's Jedermann.
Reinhardt was born Maximilian Goldmann in the spa town of Baden near Vienna, the son of Wilhelm Goldmann (1846–1911), a Jewish merchant from Stomfa, Hungary, and his wife Rosa née Wengraf (1851–1924). Having finished school, he began an apprenticeship at a bank, but already took acting lessons. In 1890, he gave his debut on a private stage in Vienna with the artist's name Max Reinhardt (possibly after the protagonist Reinhard Werner in Theodor Storm's novella Immensee). In 1893 he performed at the re-opened Salzburg City Theatre and one year later joined the Deutsches Theater ensemble under director Otto Brahm in Berlin.
In 1901, Reinhardt together with Friedrich Kayßler and several other theatre colleagues founded the Schall und Rauch ("Sound and Smoke") Kabarett stage in Berlin. Re-opened as Kleines Theater ("Little Theatre") it was the first of numerous stages, where Reinhardt worked as a director until the beginning of Nazi rule in 1933. From 1903 to 1905, he managed the Neues Theater (present-day Theater am Schiffbauerdamm) and in 1906 acquired the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. In 1911, he premiered with Karl Vollmöller's The Miracle at Olympia, London gaining international reputation.
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