The company was established in December 2006, but made its first flight only on 7 November 2007. It replaced Air Mauritanie, the former national airline, which had suffered from prolonged financial difficulties and had been liquidated in October of the same year. Mauritania Airways was a joint venture between Mauritanian and Tunisian interests: Tunisair owned 51 percent, Mauritanian businessman Mohamed Ould Bouamatou owned 39 percent, and the Government of Mauritania owned the remaining 10 percent.

In November 2010, the airline was banned from European airspace by the European Commission, quoting "persisting deficiencies in its operations and maintenance", thus losing the rights to continue its scheduled services to Paris-Orly Airport, France and Gran Canaria Airport, Spain. Subsequently, Mauritania Airways discontinued all flights and went out of service on 23 December 2010. Again, a new Mauritanian flag carrier was formed, this time called Mauritania Airlines International; this airline was subsequently announced in the April 2012 European Commission press release (19th update) as having been added to the European list of banned air carriers.

As of January 2010, Mauritania Airways offered scheduled flights to the following destinations:

Upon its closure in December 2010, the Mauritania Airways fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

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Wikipedia