Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
| Mariano Fernández de Folgueras | |
|---|---|
| 57th and 60th Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines | |
|
In office August 7, 1806 – March 4, 1810 |
|
| Monarch |
Charles IV Ferdinand VII José I |
| Preceded by | Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar |
|
In office December 10, 1816 – October 30, 1822 |
|
| Monarch | Ferdinand VII |
| Preceded by | José Gardoqui Jaraveitia |
| Succeeded by | Juan Antonio Martínez |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras y Fernández Flores 1766 Galicia, Spain |
| Died | June 1, 1823 Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras y Fernández Flores (1766 - June 1, 1823), was a Spanish military and colonial administrator who twice became the Governor-General of the Philippines from 1806 to 1810 and from 1816 to 1822. It was during his term when the people from Ilocandia revolted against Spain in 1807, the Napoleonic Spain was established in 1808 and the Viceroyalty of New Spain was dissolved in 1821.
Fernández de Folgueras was born in Galicia, Spain in an unknown date and became a lieutenant of the King of Spain for the Philippines. When Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León died in 1806, he succeeded as the acting Governor-General of the islands. In September 16, 1807, he witnessed the Basi Revolt in Ilocos, which culminated twelve days later when the Spanish successfully quelled the rebels. In 1809, he gave permission to English traders to establish the first commercial houses in the Philippines.
He returned to the post when José Gardoqui Jaraveitia died in office and was named to succeed him. During his term, the pressure from absolutist policy accentuated in the Philippines, and his actions of giving administrative posts to peninsulares and foreigners accumulated to several uprisings against foreigners residing in Manila. He created the province of Ilocos Norte on February 2, 1818 and reestablished the Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País on December 17, 1819. In 1820, the Escuela Nautica de Manila was established. From October 9–10, 1820, several foreigners were massacred by the natives because of Spanish authorities' claim that the natives spread the cholera in the islands. In 1821, Mexico became an independent nation as a conclusion to Mexican War of Independence; the Viceroyalty was dissolved and the country was directly controlled by the Spanish Crown through the Ministry of the Colonies (Ministerio de Ultramar).
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