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Maria Theresa of Austria

Maria Theresa
Kaiserin Maria Theresia (HRR).jpg
Portrait by Martin van Meytens, 1759
Holy Roman Empress
German Queen
Tenure 13 September 1745 – 18 August 1765
Archduchess of Austria
Queen of Hungary and Croatia
Reign 20 October 1740 – 29 November 1780
Coronation 25 June 1741
Predecessor Charles III
Successor Joseph II
Queen of Bohemia
Reign 20 October 1740 – 19 December 1741
Predecessor Charles II
Successor Charles Albert
Reign 12 May 1743 – 29 November 1780
Coronation 12 May 1743
Predecessor Charles Albert
Successor Joseph II
Born (1717-05-13)13 May 1717
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Died 29 November 1780(1780-11-29) (aged 63)
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Burial Imperial Crypt, Vienna
Spouse Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Issue
Full name
Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina
House Habsburg
Father Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature
Full name
Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia [maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a]; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.

She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. Upon the death of her father, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime. Prussia proceeded to invade the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia, sparking a nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession, and subsequently conquered it. Maria Theresa would later unsuccessfully try to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.


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