Margraviate of Valenciennes

Valenciennes

Subprefecture and commune

The town hall

Coat of arms

Valenciennes

Location within Hauts-de-France region

Valenciennes

Coordinates: 50°21′29″N 3°31′24″E / 50.358°N 3.5233°ECoordinates: 50°21′29″N 3°31′24″E / 50.358°N 3.5233°E

Country

Government

• Mayor (2014–2020)

(UDI)

Area¹

13.82 km² (5.34 sq mi)

Population (2014)²

43,787

• Density

3,200/km² (8,200/sq mi)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

INSEE/Postal code

59606 /59300

Elevation

17–56 m (56–184 ft)
(avg. 42 m or 138 ft)

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

²Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Valenciennes (French pronunciation: [valɑ̃sjɛn]; Dutch: Valencijn, Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded. The 1999 census recorded that the population of the commune of Valenciennes was 41,278, and that of the metropolitan area was 399,677.

Valenciennes is first mentioned in 693 in a legal document written by Clovis II (Valentiana). In the 843 Treaty of Verdun, it was made a neutral city between Neustria and the Austrasia. Later in the 9th century the region was overrun by the Normans, and in 881 the town passed to them. In 923 it passed to the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia dependent on the Holy Roman Empire. Once the Empire of the Franks was established, the city began to develop, though the archaeological record has still not revealed all it has to reveal about this period. Under the Ottonian emperors, Valenciennes became the centre of marches on the border of the Empire.

In 1008, a terrible famine brought the Plague. According to the local tradition, the Virgin Mary held a cordon around the city which, miraculously, has since protected its people from the disease. Since then, every year at that time, the Valenciennois used to walk around the 14 kilometres (9 miles) road round the town, in what is called the tour of the Holy Cordon. Many Counts succeeded, first as Margraves of Valenciennes and from 1070 as counts of Hainaut.

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Wikipedia