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Mangrai the Great

Mangrai
มังราย
King Mengrai Monument.jpg
King Mangrai Monument in Chiang Rai
King of Lanna
Reign 1292 – 1311
Predecessor Himself as King of Ngoenyang
Successor Chaisongkhram
King of Ngoenyang
Reign 1261 – 1292
Predecessor Lao Meng
Successor Himself as King of Lanna
Born 1239
Chiang Saen, Ngoenyang
Died 1311 (aged 73)
Chiang Mai, Lanna
House Mangrai Dynasty
Father Lao Meng
Mother Ua-ming Chommueang

King Mangrai (LannaLanna-Phaya Mengrai.png) (1238–1311), also known as Mengrai, was the 25th King of Ngoenyang (r. 1261–1292) and the 1st King of Lanna (r. 1292–1311). He established a new city, Chiang Mai, as the capital of the Lanna Kingdom (1296–1558).

King Mangrai was born on October 2, 1238 in Ngoen Yang (present day Chiang Saen) Thailand on the Mekong River, a son of the local ruler Lao Meng and his wife Ua Ming Chommueang, a princess from the Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, which is now called Jinghong, in Sipsongpanna (Xishuangbanna), China.

In 1259, Mangrai succeeded his father to become the first independent king of the unified Tai city states in northern Lanna and what is now northern Laos. Seeing the Tai states were disunited and in danger, Mangrai quickly expanded his kingdom by conquering Muang Lai, Chiang Kham and Chiang Khong and initiating alliances with other states.

In 1262, he founded the city of Chiang Rai as his new capital in the Kok River basin. He also seems to have been operating around this time in the area of Fang in the Upper Kok Valley.

In 1287, Mangrai first made peace between King Ngam Muang of Phayao and King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai, who had seduced the former's queen. The three Kings then entered a "Strong pact of friendship".


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