Lordship of Hummel

The Lordship of Hummel (Czech: Homole) is a historic landscape zone in the western part of the former County of Kladsko (German: Grafschaft Glatz, Schlesien), then part of Bohemia, now in Silesia, Poland.

The focus of the Lordship of Hummel was (the no-longer existing) Hummel Castle, located on a mountain above the valley of the Bystrzyca Dusznicka river, approximately 3 km west of Duszniki Zdrój (Dušníky, Bad Reinerz). Due to its geographical location, it secured the important road from Prague via the Hummel Pass to Kłodzko (Kladsko, Glatz) and Wrocław (Breslau, Vratislav), the so-called Poland Route. Hummel Castle was called in German: Landfried until the 15th century. In 1427, it was conquered by the Hussites, who used it as a base for their attacks on Kladsko Land and neighbouring Silesia. During this period, the German name Landfried was replaced by the Czech name Homole. After 1560 the castle was uninhabited and dilapidated. Elector Palatine Otto Henry, Elector Palatine had skeches of the castle made during his journey from Neuburg an der Donau to Cracow in 1536. These sketches are the only surviving pictures of the castle before its destruction.

In the 10th century, Hummel was part of the territory of the Slavník dynasty. In 995, it was acquired by the Přemyslid dynasty. Back then, the Lordship of Hummel consisted only of the eastern part of the later Hummel district, that is, the watershed of the Bystrzyca Dusznicka river, with the town of Duszniki Zdrój and a number of villages (Słoszów, Ocieszów, Bystra, Łężyce, Szczytna, Kulin Kłodzki and Dolina).

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