Lord Chunshen

Huang Xie
Native name	黃歇
Born	Unknown
Died	238 BC
Monuments	Lord Chunshen Temple, Shanghai
Known for	Prime Minister of Chu, one of the Four Lords of the Warring States
Title	Lord Chunshen

Lord Chunshen (Chinese: 春申君; pinyin: Chūnshēn Jūn; Wade–Giles: Ch'un-shen Chün; died 238 BC), born Huang Xie (Chinese: 黃歇; Wade–Giles: Huang Hsieh), was a nobleman, general, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Chu during the late Warring States period of ancient China. He was one of the Four Lords of the Warring States.

Lord Chunshen is a revered figure in his former fief, especially in Shanghai, which is often called Shencheng, or City of Shen, in his honour. In 2002, Shanghai rebuilt the Temple of Lord Chunshen at the Chunshen Village in Songjiang District.

Much of what is known about Lord Chunshen comes from his biography in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), written by the great Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian. The Shiji does not mention his family background, leading some historians to speculate that he descended from the State of Huang, judging by his surname. However, most modern historians, including Ch'ien Mu and Yang Kuan, believe that he was a son of King Huai of Chu, and younger brother of King Qingxiang of Chu.

As Huang Xie was a well-educated scholar and highly eloquent in his speech, King Qingxiang of Chu dispatched him as an ambassador to the Kingdom of Qin. At this time the Kingdom of Chu, though large in area, was in grave danger from Qin, the most powerful of the Seven Warring States. King Huai, King Qingxiang's father, had died in captivity in Qin, and a Qin army had invaded the western part of Chu and captured its capital Ying. King Qingxiang had been forced to flee and move his capital east to Chen County.

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