For the 1992 season, team owner Guy Ligier secured the use of the Renault RS3 3.5 V10. Initially using the RS3B before being upgraded to RSC3s. The engines were maintained by Mecachrome.

The chassis was designed by Frank Dernie, with some input from Gérard Ducarouge. It was poor aerodynamically and needed to be revised during the season as did the suspension. Prior to the start of the season, Alain Prost test drove the JS37 several times with a view to joining the team after his dismissal from Ferrari the previous year. However, he opted out of racing with the team much to the relief of the team's junior driver, Érik Comas.

The JS37 was generally a midfield runner which retired from nearly half the races it started. It did not handle bumpy circuits well and performance suffered as a result, with particularly poor qualifying efforts in Mexico, Monaco and Canada. Comas failed to qualify for one race, the Belgian Grand Prix, after a heavy crash in practice on the Friday of the race. Knocked unconscious, he did not participate any further in the race weekend.

Comas did secure three finishes in the points during the mid season including a best of fifth at the French Grand Prix. He overcame the bumpy circuit to finish sixth in Canada, having qualified a poor 22nd, which was the team's first point in almost 3 years. He also finished sixth at Germany, where he achieved his best qualifying position of seventh. Boutsen finished in the points only once, this being fifth at the season ending Australian Grand Prix.

() (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

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