Lieutenant of the Tower of London

The Lieutenant of the Tower of London served directly under the Constable of the Tower. The office was appointed at least since the 13th century. There were formerly many privileges, immunities and perquisites attached to the office. Like the Constable, the Lieutenant was usually appointed by letters patent, either for life or during the King's pleasure.

The Lieutenants had custody of many eminent prisoners of state, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) and Sir Walter Raleigh. At least five of the Lieutenants, Sir Edward Warner, Sir Gervase Helwys,Isaac Penington,Colonel Robert Tichborne, and Sir Edward Hales, themselves later became prisoners in the Tower.

The earliest known Lieutenant was Giles de Oudenard at the beginning of the reign of Edward I, while Anthony Bek, later Bishop of Durham, was Constable. The next Lieutenant of whom there is record was Ralph Bavant, who served during John de Crumwell's tenure as Constable.

In the reign of Henry V, Sir Roger Aston served as Lieutenant under William, Lord Bourchier, who was then Constable. Among their notable prisoners was James I of Scotland. Sir Robert Scott served as Lieutenant in 1424 during the reign of Henry VI. During the reign of Edward IV, Richard Haute (died 8 April 1487) was Lieutenant from 1471 to 1473.John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford was Constable in the reign of Henry VII, at which time Sir John Digby was his Lieutenant.

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