Liaoyuan
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Liaoyuan 辽源市 |
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|---|---|
| Prefecture-level city | |
| Nickname(s): 大疙瘩 ("Great lump") | |
 Liaoyuan (red) in Jilin (orange) |
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 Liaoyuan
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| Coordinates: 42°53′N 125°09′E / 42.883°N 125.150°ECoordinates: 42°53′N 125°09′E / 42.883°N 125.150°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| County-level divisions | 4 |
| Incorporated (county) | August 4, 1902 |
| Incorporated (County-level city) | October 15, 1948 |
| Incorporated (Prefecture-level city) | October 3, 1983 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Liaoyuan Secretary | Wu Lan |
| • Mayor | Jin Yuhui |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 5,125 km2 (1,979 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 429 km2 (166 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 260 m (850 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 1,176,645 |
| • Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 462,233 |
| • Urban density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 136200 |
| Area code(s) | 0437 |
| License Plate Prefix | 吉D |
| ISO 3166-2 | cn-22-04 |
Liaoyuan (simplified Chinese: 辽源; traditional Chinese: 遼源; pinyin: Liáoyuán) is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is bounded on the west and south by Tieling of Liaoning province, west and north by Siping, and east by Tonghua and Jilin City. Liaoyuan lies some 100 km (62 mi) south of Changchun, the provincial capital. Covering an area of 5,125 km2 (1,979 sq mi), Liaoyuan is the smallest among the prefecture-level divisions of Jilin. Liaoyuan has a total population of 1,176,645 in the prefecture, while the urban area has a population of 462,233.
Liaoyuan was an imperial hunting ground during the Qing Dynasty, going by the name Shengjing Paddock (盛京圍場). Ordinary citizens were prohibited from entering this region until late 1800s, when waves of immigrants from Hebei, Shandong and Henan began to populate Manchuria (see Chuang Guandong). In 1902, Qing government established Xi'an County (西安縣) in this region, which became today's Xi'an District.
The discovery of coal underground shortly afterwards brought prosperity to the city. Between 1931 and 1945, Xi'an was an important coal-mining city in Manchukuo and also the place where American Army General Jonathan M. Wainwright was held as a prisoner. During the Chinese Civil War after World War II, Xi'an was a focal point of the intense fighting between the Communist and Nationalist forces until the summer of 1947 when it was permanently captured by the Communist force. The city was renamed Liaoyuan (literally the source of the East Liao River) in 1952 as the former name conflicted with that of the much larger city of Xi'an in Shaanxi province. As a county-level city, Liaoyuan was under Siping Prefecture's jurisdiction till 1983, when it became a prefecture-level city, administering two districts and two counties.
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