Leo I, Prince of Armenia

Leo I
Lord of Cilicia / “Lord of the Mountains”
Lord of Armenian Cilicia
Reign	1129/1130–1137
Predecessor	Constantine II
Successor	Thoros II (in 1144/45)
Born	(unknown) (unknown)
Died	February 14, 1140 Constantinople
Burial	(unknown)
Spouse	(unknown)
Issue	one/two unnamed daughter(s) (?) Constantine Thoros II Stephen Mleh I Roupen
House	Roupenians
Father	Constantine I
Mother	An unnamed great-granddaughter of Bardas Phokas

Leo I(Armenian: Լեիոն Ա), also Levon I or Leon I, (unknown – Constantinople, February 14, 1140) was the fifth lord of Armenian Cilicia or “Lord of the Mountains” (1129/1130-1137).

He learned to exploit the open, yet restrained, hostilities between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader principalities of Edessa and Antioch. Most of his successes benefited from Byzantium’s pre-occupation with the threats of Zengi (the atabeg of Mosul) from Aleppo and the lack of effective Frankish rule, especially in the Principality of Antioch.

He expanded his rule over the Cilician plains and even to the Mediterranean shores. In his time, relations between the Armenians and the Franks (the Crusaders), two former allies, were not always as courteous as before: a major cause of dissension between them was the ownership of the strongholds of the southern Amanus, and on the neighboring coasts of the Gulf of Alexandretta.

/Leo/ invited many famous warriors to join him, and allured them by great rewards. Forward in battle, he prepared himself, and often fought against the foreigners or infidels, took their forts and put all the inhabitants to the sword. He was the admiration of warriors, and the fear of foreigners or infidels, so that they called him the new Ashtahag.

Leo was defeated decisively by the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus who successfully laid siege to his fortresses. Leo and two of his sons were taken captive and imprisoned in Constantinople where Leo died shortly after.

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