Law enforcement in Canada

Law enforcement in Canada are public-sector police forces that are associated with and commissioned to the three levels of government: municipal (both lower and upper-tier), provincial, and federal. Most urban areas have been given the authority by the provinces to maintain their own police force. Some, such as the Toronto Police Service and the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal are commissioned to one particular city, Toronto and Montreal, respectively, while the Niagara Regional Police services all cities comprising the Regional Municipality of Niagara. All but two of Canada's provinces in turn, contract out their provincial law-enforcement responsibilities to the RCMP/GRC (Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie Royale du Canada; popularly known in English-speaking areas as the Mounties), the national police force, which is commissioned to the federal level of government. In addition, many First Nations Reserves have their own police forces established through agreements between the governing native band, province and the federal government.

Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador maintain their own provincial police forces—the Ontario Provincial Police, Sûreté du Québec (Quebec Provincial Police) and Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. Smaller municipalities often contract police service from the provincial policing authority, while larger ones maintain their own forces. Newfoundland's provincial police force is only responsible for the province's larger urban areas (St. John's, Corner Brook and Labrador West); the province has contracted the RCMP/GRC to patrol the rest of the province. The other seven provinces and the three territories contract police services to the RCMP/GRC. It also serves as the local police in all areas outside of Ontario and Quebec that do not have an established local police force, mostly in rural areas. Thus, the RCMP/GRC is the only police force of any sort in some areas of the country.

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