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Laplace

Pierre-Simon Laplace
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (1745-1827) - Guérin.jpg
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827). Posthumous portrait by
Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, 1838.
Born 23 March 1749
Beaumont-en-Auge, Normandy, Kingdom of France
Died 5 March 1827(1827-03-05) (aged 77)
Paris, Bourbon France
Nationality French
Fields Astronomer and Mathematician
Institutions École Militaire (1769–1776)
Alma mater University of Caen
Academic advisors Jean d'Alembert
Christophe Gadbled
Pierre Le Canu
Doctoral students Siméon Denis Poisson
Known for
Signature

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (/ləˈplɑːs/; French: [pjɛʁ simɔ̃ laplas]; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was an influential French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of classical mechanics to one based on calculus, opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the Bayesian interpretation of probability was developed mainly by Laplace.

Laplace formulated Laplace's equation, and pioneered the Laplace transform which appears in many branches of mathematical physics, a field that he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, widely used in mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and developed the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the Solar System and was one of the first scientists to postulate the existence of black holes and the notion of gravitational collapse.


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