Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
| Caroline | |
|---|---|
| Princess of Condé | |
 |
|
| Burial | Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France |
| Spouse | Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon |
| Issue | Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé |
| Father | Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg |
| Mother | Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim |
Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (18 August 1714 – 14 June 1741) was the consort of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon.
Born at Rotenburg an der Fulda in Hesse, Germany, she was the daughter of Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg, head of the Roman Catholic branch of the House of Hesse, by his wife Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort. She was one of 10 children.
On 24 July 1728 she married Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon at Sarry in France. Louis Henri was a French prince of the Blood Royal and head of the House of Condé, a branch of the House of Bourbon. Maternally, he was a grandson of Louis XIV of France through his mother, one of the king's legitimated daughters. By the time of his second marriage to Caroline, Louis Henri had lost the sight of one eye and the attractive slenderness his height bestowed upon him in youth. After marriage she was known at the French court as Madame la Duchesse.
The previous Princess of Condé had been Marie Anne de Bourbon and had died eight years before the marriage between Caroline and Louis Henri. Caroline was alleged to have been pretty and to have been included on a list of possible wives for Louis XV of France, but had been removed on account of her bad temper. When her husband was banished to his estates in 1725, Madame la Duchesse was obliged to withdraw with him to the Château de Chantilly until Monsieur le Duc was pardoned and the couple were allowed to resume attendance at the royal court again in 1730, where they lived quietly at the Hôtel de Condé. The couple had one child eight years into their marriage:
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