Koryo-mar

Koryo-mar
고려말 / Корё мар
Pronunciation	[ko.ɾjo.maɾ]
Native to	Uzbekistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Ethnicity	Korean
Native speakers	(220,000 cited 1989) 176,411 in Russia (2010 census), 174,000 in Uzbekistan (no date), 107,000 in Kazakhstan (no date), 8,500 in Kyrgyzstan (no date)
Language family	Koreanic
Early form	Northeastern Korean
Writing system	Hangul, Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

Korean name
Hangul	고려말
Hanja	高麗말
Transcriptions Revised Romanization Goryeomal McCune–Reischauer Koryŏmal
Russian name
Russian	Корё мар
Romanization	Korë mar

Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	Goryeomal
McCune–Reischauer	Koryŏmal

Koryo-mar, Goryeomal, or Koryŏmal (Korean: 고려말; Russian: Корё мар) is the dialect of Korean language spoken by Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the former USSR. It is descended from Yukjin dialect and multiple other varieties of Northeastern Korean. Koryo-saram often report difficulty understanding speakers of standard Korean; this may be compounded by the fact that the majority of Koryo-saram today use Russian and not Korean as their first language.

In Koryo-saram's speech, the language is referred to as Koryo-mar (고려말/корё мар), with several alternative pronunciations including Kore-mar (коре мар) and Kore-mari(коре мари).

In South Korea, the dialect is referred to as Goryeomal (고려말) or Central Asian Korean (중앙아시아 한국어).

In Russia and other former Soviet states, the language is referred to as Koryo-mar (корё мар) or Koryo-mal (корё маль), of which the former reflects the spoken form while the latter reflects the literary form of Korean.

Speakers do not generally use Koryeomar as a literary language. Written Korean during Soviet period tended to follow the North Korean standard language, while both Northern and Southern forms have occurred after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, some modern writers, most notably Lavrenti Son, have created plays and short stories in Koryeomar using hangul.

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Wikipedia