Konti-Skan

Konti-Skan near Vester Hassing
Country	Denmark, Sweden
Coordinates	57°03′46″N 10°05′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 57°14′01″N 10°32′29″E / 57.23361°N 10.54139°E / 57.23361; 10.54139 57°10′35″N 10°26′59″E / 57.17639°N 10.44972°E / 57.17639; 10.44972 57°15′08″N 10°54′13″E / 57.25222°N 10.90361°E / 57.25222; 10.90361 57°18′32″N 11°07′35″E / 57.30889°N 11.12639°E / 57.30889; 11.12639 57°34′11″N 11°58′27″E / 57.56972°N 11.97417°E / 57.56972; 11.97417 57°33′6″N 11°59′17″E / 57.55167°N 11.98806°E / 57.55167; 11.98806 57°34′27″N 12°0′5″E / 57.57417°N 12.00139°E / 57.57417; 12.00139 57°36′38″N 12°6′25″E / 57.61056°N 12.10694°E / 57.61056; 12.10694 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E / 57.60667; 12.11111 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E / 57.80417; 12.32028
General direction	south–north–south (bidirectional)
From	Vester Hassing (near Aalborg, Denmark)
Passes through	Kattegatt
To	Lindome (Sweden)
Partners	Energinet.dk Svenska Kraftnät
Manufacturer of conductor/cable	ABB
Commissioned	1965 (Kontiskan 1) 1988 (Kontiskan 2)
Decommissioned	2006 (Kontiskan 1)
Type	submarine cable
Type of current	HVDC
Total length	149 km (93 mi)
Power rating	250 MW (Kontiskan 1) 300 MW (Kontiskan 2)
AC voltage	130/150 kV (Kontiskan 1) 400 kV (Kontiskan 2; both ends)
DC voltage	250 kV (Kontiskan 1) 300 kV (Kontiskan 2)
No. of poles	1

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57°03′46″N 10°05′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000
57°14′01″N 10°32′29″E / 57.23361°N 10.54139°E / 57.23361; 10.54139

Konti–Skan (also known as Kontiskan) is the name of high-voltage direct-current transmission line between Denmark and Sweden.

Kontiskan is a bipolar HVDC scheme. Pole 1 (Kontiskan 1) was originally built in 1965, using mercury arc valves and was able to transmit an up to 250 megawatts (MW) of power with an operating voltage of 250 kV. The original mercury arc scheme was taken out of operation and disconnected on 15 August 2006, being replaced by new equipment using thyristors with a power rating of 350 MW. Pole 2, the 1988-built Kontiskan 2, was built with thyristors from the outset and can transmit 300 MW with a voltage of 285 kV.

On the Danish side, the converter station used as well by Konti–Skan 1 and 2 is close to Vester Hassing near Aalborg. From Vester Hassing a 34 kilometres (21 mi) long overhead line with two conductors runs to the cable terminal at the Danish coast near Staesnaes. This line, which is only in the proximity of the converter station and the cable terminal equipped with a ground conductor, was originally used by the high voltage pole of Konti–Skan 1 and from Vester Hassing until a point a few kilometres south of the cable terminal by the electrode line, which turned there eastwards to the ground electrode at Soera. At implementation of Konti–Skan 2 the whole overhead electrode line was replaced by two 27 kilometres (17 mi) long underground cables and the second conductor of the overhead line got the high-voltage pole of Konti–Skan 2. The 23 kilometres (14 mi) long submarine cable to the Danish island of Laeso starts at Stensnaes and consists of 3 parallel cables. Each of these cables has two copper conductors with a copper cross section of 310 square millimeters. One of these cables was used by Kontiskan 1 and one is used by Kontiskan 2. From the third cable, one conductor was used by Kontiskan 1 and the other is used by Kontiskan 2. Konti–Skan crosses Laeso-Island on a 17 kilometres (11 mi) long overhead line with two conductors. Before the implementation of Konti–Skan 2 both conductors were switched parallel, today one conductor is used for the high voltage pole of Konti–Skan 1, while the other is used by that of Konti–Skan 2. Between Laeso and Sweden each high voltage pole of Konti–Skan uses a monopolar copper cable with a cross section of 1200 square millimetres.

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Wikipedia