Kolsky Uyezd
| Volosts | 1. Kandalakshskaya 2. Keretskaya 3. Knyazhegubskaya 4. Kovdskaya 5. Poryegubskaya 6. Umbskaya 7. Varzuzhskaya |
|---|---|
| Selos | 1. Ponoy |
| Pogosts | 1. Babensky 2. Ekostrovsky 3. Kildinsky 4. Lovozersky 5. Maselgsky 6. Motovsky 7. Notozersky 8. Nyavdemsky 9. Pazretsky 10. Pechengsky 11. Pyaozersky 12. Semiostrovsky 13. Songelsky 14. Voronezhsky |
| Other | 1. Pyalitskaya slobodka 2. Tetrinskaya slobodka 3. Terskaya Lapps 4. Chernoretskoye usolye |
Kolsky Uyezd (Russian: Ко́льский уе́зд) was an administrative division (an uyezd) of the Tsardom of Russia and later of the Russian Empire.
Russian expansion to the Kola Peninsula can be traced to the early 16th century when the Russian monk Trifon founded an Orthodox monastery at Pechenga. Later in 1556, Ivan the Terrible, by his own will, gave the monastery a large part of land on the peninsula. This land covered territories which Norway—then a part of the kingdom of Denmark–Norway—traditionally considered as their own. Consequently, Frederick II, the King of Denmark–Norway, sent two expeditions in the 1580s and in 1586 to give up the peninsula. His claims were, however, contested by Sweden, then the major power in the Baltic region.
At first, Sweden extracted the Kola Peninsula from both Russia and Denmark–Norway in a series of wars and resulting treaties. However, in the later Treaty of Täysinä in 1595, Sweden acknowledged Russian rights in Kola. Claims from Denmark–Norway remained, and therefore in 1582, a Russian voivode was appointed to Kola to provide for better defenses of the peninsula. The voivode governed the territory which became known as Kolsky Uyezd. Upon its creation, the uyezd covered most of the territory of the Kola Peninsula, with the exception of Varzuzhskaya and Umbskaya Volosts (which were a part of Dvinsky Uyezd), and also the northern part of Karelia all the way to Lendery.
In 1608–1611, a population census was conducted in the uyezd. The census categorized the Sami people (called "Lapps" by the census) living in the uyezd into three groups—Terskaya Lapps, who lived west of the line between Kildin Island and Turiy Headland of the Turiy Peninsula; Konchanskaya Lapps, who lived east of that line; and Leshya (wild, unbaptized) Lapps, who lived south of Kandalaksha all the way south to approximately the 65th parallel. The territories on which each group lived were also named by the same terms (Terskaya, Konchanskaya, and Leshya).
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