Koliivshchyna
| Koliyivshchyna rebellion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Bar Confederation and Haidamaky | |||||||
 Camp of Haidamakas by Juliusz Kossak |
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire
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Haidamaky Cossacks |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Mikhail Krechetnikov Jan Klemens Branicki |
Melkhisedek Znachko-Yavorsky Maksym Zalizniak Ivan Gonta |
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Koliyivshchyna (Ukrainian: Коліївщина, Polish: koliszczyzna) was a major haidamaka rebellion that broke out in Right-bank Ukraine in June 1768, caused by the social and national-religious oppression of Ukrainians by the Polish administration and nobility. The uprising resulted in a mass murder of noblemen (szlachta) and other Polish population, Jews, Uniates, and Catholic priests across the part of the country west of the Dnieper river.
The origin of the word is not certain. Itself the word similar to Ukrainian word which means "impaling".
On the other hand, it could be an adaptation of the Polish words "kolej", "kolejno", "po kolei", which implies "służba kolejna" so called Cossack militia on a service of aristocrats (magnate).
It was simultaneous to the Confederation of Bar which originated out of the adjacent region in the city of Bar (historical Podolia) and was a de facto civil war in Poland.
The rebellion was fueled by the circulation of a fictitious proclamation of support and call to arms by Russia's Empress Catherine II, the so called "Golden Charter". Mostly based on rumors, the charter however had a real foundation and was connected with the Catherinian rescript that in 1765 she issued it to Archimandrite Melkhisedek and obligated the Russian ambassador in Warsaw to facilitate assertion of rights and privileges of the Right-bank Ukraine Orthodox confession. It should be noted that in 1764, on territory of the Zaporizhian Host of Right-bank Ukraine and along the southern borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire created New Russia Governorate in place of previously existing New Serbia province and was intensively militarised.
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