Juliusz Mieroszewski

Juliusz Mieroszewski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjuljuʂ mjɛrɔˈʂɛfskʲi]; February 2, 1906 – June 21, 1976) was a Polish journalist, publicist and political commentator. He wrote under the pseudonyms "J. Calveley" and "Londyńczyk" (Londoner).

He was born in Kraków.

In interwar Poland he was a co-editor of the "Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny" (Illustrated Daily Courier), where his beat was German politics and policy.

During World War II he escaped from Nazi occupied Poland and worked for publications of the Polish government in exile, "Ku Wolnej Polsce" (For a Free Poland), "Orzeł Biały" (The White Eagle), "Parada" (Parade).

After the war, with Poland falling under communist rule, he decided to stay in Great Britain. He wrote columns for the emigre journal "Wiadomości" (News). Between 1950 and 1972 he was the chief editor of the "English section" of the influential Parisian emigre journal "Kultura". In the 1970s Mieroszewski was the closest collaborator of the journal's chief editor, Jerzy Giedroyc. While at the time Poland was an authoritarian communist state, controlled by the Soviet Union, Mieroszewski and Giedroyc, in the pages of the journal, sought to articulate a political program for what they envisioned as a future independent Polish state and its relations with its former parts, known as the Gedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine. While Mieroszewski was a dedicated socialist, he was strongly opposed to communism and the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. A crucial, and at the time unique, consideration of the Kultura program was the Polish relationship with the national aspirations of Belarusians, Lithuanians and Ukrainians.

Mieroszewski was also a translator - he translated George Orwell's 1984, as well as works of Bertrand Russell and Arnold Toynbee into Polish.

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