Julio César Turbay Ayala
| Julio César Turbay Ayala | |
|---|---|
 |
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| 25th President of Colombia | |
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In office 7 August 1978 – 7 August 1982 |
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| Preceded by | Alfonso López Michelsen |
| Succeeded by | Belisario Betancur Cuartas |
| Colombia Ambassador to Italy | |
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In office 1991–1993 |
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| President | César Gaviria Trujillo |
| Preceded by | Oscar Mejía Vallejo |
| Succeeded by | Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza |
| Colombia Ambassador to Holy See | |
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In office 1987–1989 |
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| President | Virgilio Barco Vargas |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Hinestrosa Forero |
| Colombia Ambassador to United States | |
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In office 29 April 1975 – 1976 |
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| President | Alfonso López Michelsen |
| Preceded by | Douglas Botero Boshel |
| Succeeded by | Virgilio Barco Vargas |
| 12th Colombia Ambassador to United Kingdom | |
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In office 6 January 1973 – 15 January 1975 |
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| President | Misael Pastrana Borrero |
| Preceded by | Camilo de Brigard Silva |
| Succeeded by | Alfredo Vásquez Carrizosa |
| 11th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations | |
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In office 1967–1969 |
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| President | Carlos Lleras Restrepo |
| Preceded by | Alfonso Patiño Rosselli |
| Succeeded by | Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia | |
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In office 7 August 1958 – 1 September 1961 |
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| President | Alberto Lleras Camargo |
| Preceded by | Carlos Sanz de Santamaría |
| Succeeded by | José Joaquín Caicedo Castilla |
| 24th Minister of Mines and Petroleum of Colombia | |
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In office 11 May 1957 – 7 August 1958 |
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| President | Gabriel París Gordillo |
| Preceded by | Francisco Puyana |
| Succeeded by | Jorge Ospina Delgado |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Julio César Turbay Ayala 18 June 1916 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia |
| Died | 13 September 2005 (aged 89) Bogotá, D.C., Colombia |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse(s) |
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| Children |
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| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Julio César Turbay Ayala (18 June 1916 – 13 September 2005) was a Colombian lawyer who served as the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982. He also held the positions of Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United States.
Turbay was born in a poor neighborhood of “Voto Nacional”, Bogotá, on June 18, 1916. His father, Antonio Amín Turbay, was a businessman who emigrated from Tannourine, Lebanon. His mother, Rosaura Ayala, was a peasant from the province of Cundinamarca. Turbay’s father, a hard working merchant, had built a fortune, which he completely lost during the civil war of the Thousand Days War.
In response to an increase in guerrilla activity from the 19th of April Movement (M-19) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, as well as to the Colombian Communist Party's attempts to extend its political influence and a 1977 national strike, a 1978 decree, known as the Security Statute, was implemented by Turbay's administration.
The Security Statute gave the military an increased degree of freedom of action, especially in urban areas, to detain, interrogate and eventually judge suspected guerrillas or their collaborators before military tribunals. Human rights organizations, newspaper columnists, political personalities and opposition groups complained about an increase in the number of arbitrary detentions and acts of torture as a result.
Although the Security Statute allegedly benefitted some of the counterinsurgency operations of the security forces, such as the capture of most of the M-19's command structure and many of the guerrilla group's urban cells, the measure became highly unpopular inside and outside Colombia, promoting some measure of public sympathy for the victims of the real or perceived military abuses whether they were guerrillas or not, and was phased out towards the end of the Turbay administration.
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