Josef Kajetán Tyl
| Josef Kajetán Tyl | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Josef Kajetán Tyl by Jan Vilímek
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| Born |
4 February 1808 Kutná Hora, Bohemia, Austrian Empire |
| Died | 11 July 1856 (aged 48) Plzeň, Bohemia, Austrian Empire |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Genre | Romanticism |
| Notable works |
Fidlovačka Strakonický dudák |
| Spouse | Magdalena Forchheimová |
| Partner | Anna Forchheimová-Rajská |
| Relatives | Jiří Tyl (father) Barbora Králiková (mother) |
Josef Kajetán Tyl (4 February 1808 – 11 July 1856; Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɔzɛf ˈkajɛtaːn ˈtɪl]) was a significant Czech dramatist, writer and actor. He was a notable figure of the Czech National Revival movement and is best known as the author of the current national anthem of the Czech Republic titled Kde domov můj?.
Josef Kajetán Tyl was the first-born son of Jiří Tyl, a tailor and retired military band oboe player, and his wife Barbora née Králíková, daughter of a miller and groats maker. He was christened Josef František, yet this name was changed into Josef Kajetán when he underwent confirmation at the age of eleven. The family surname had several written forms – Tylly, Tylli, Tilly or Tyll – and was later changed to Tyl. Josef Kajetán had four younger siblings: one brother and three sisters, but except sister Anna none of them survived till adulthood.
After finishing elementary school, Josef Kajetán studied at a grammar school in Prague and in Hradec Králové. Among his teachers belonged the leading Czech linguist and writer Josef Jungmann and the playwright Václav Kliment Klicpera. After finishing his studies at the grammar school, he started to study philosophy in Prague.
Already as a student, Tyl started to be active in theatre and finally left school to become a member of the Hilmer travelling theatre company. When the company disbanded after two years of journeying around the countryside, he returned to Prague and got a job of a clerk in an infantry regiment's office. In his free time he wrote theatre plays and worked as an actor at the Estates Theatre. Due to his abilities he could leave his job in the military in 1842, as he was given a full-time job at the Estates Theatre, where he became the director, organizer and playwright of the Czech ensemble in the otherwise mainly German theatre.
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