José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquis of Rodil
| José Ramón Rodil | |
|---|---|
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| Born |
February 5, 1789 Santa María de Trovo, Lugo Province, Spain |
| Died | February 20, 1853 (aged 64) Madrid, Spain |
Don José Ramón Rodil y Campillo, 1st Marquis of Rodil and 3rd Viscount of Trobo (February 5, 1789 in Santa María de Trobo, Lugo Province – February 20, 1853 in Madrid) was a Spanish general and statesman, born in Santa María del Trovo, Galicia region. Originally a law student at the University of Santiago de Compostela, he enlisted in the Spanish army and went to Peru in 1817 as one of the commissioned officers in the fight against the pro-independence nationalist forces.
He led the Carabineros Corps, established by a royal decree issued by King Fernando VII in 1829 at the time that Luis López Ballesteros was Minister of Finance.
In 1824 after Ayacucho disaster, Rodil assumed command of the last Spanish stronghold on Peruvian territory, Callao port city. Besieged by nationalist forces backed by Simón Bolívar, Rodil refused to surrender, even as scurvy and starvation wreaked havoc among the hundreds of loyalists living in the fort. Even his top lieutenants began turning against him, only for Rodil to execute them by firing squad. He even executed his chaplain, Pedro Marieluz, for not revealing to him the details of the confessions made by those sentenced to death.
The Patriots, despairing at the resistance of the Spaniards, threatened reprisals against the defenders of Callao but were countermanded by Bolívar: "Heroism does not merit punishment. How we would applaud Rodil if he were a patriot!". Nevertheless, in the long run, resistance proved futile; two of Rodil's trusted comrades who commanded other forts nearby, and their forces, jumped to the nationalist side, thus revealing Rodil's potential defensive plans. On January 22, 1826, Rodil surrendered to Venezuelan general Bartolome Salom and was allowed to go back to Spain.
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