John I of Castile
| John I | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| King of Castile and León | |
| Reign | 29 May 1379 – 9 October 1390 |
| Coronation | 25 July 1379 |
| Predecessor | Henry II |
| Successor | Henry III |
| Born |
24 August 1358 Épila |
| Died | 9 October 1390 (aged 32) Alcalá de Henares |
| Burial | Cathedral of Toledo |
| Consort |
Eleanor of Aragon Beatrice of Portugal |
| Issue |
Henry III of Castile Ferdinand I of Aragon Infanta Eleanor Miguel (putative) |
| House | House of Trastámara |
| Father | Henry II of Castile |
| Mother | Juana Manuel |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
John I (Spanish: Juan I; 24 August 1358 – 9 October 1390) was King of the Crown of Castile from 1379 until 1390. He was the son of Henry II and of his wife Juana Manuel of Castile. He was the last monarch of Castile to receive a formal coronation.
His first marriage, to Eleanor of Aragon on 18 June 1375, produced his only known issue :
In 1379, John I formed the short lived military order of the Order of the Pigeon, known for its large feasts which included eating the organization's namesake, the pigeon.
He ransomed Leon V of the House of Lusignan, the last Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, from the Mamluks and out of pity granted him the lifetime lordship of Madrid, Villa Real and Andújar in 1383.
He engaged in hostilities with Portugal; his first quarrel with the Portuguese was settled in 1382, and later, on 14 May 1383, he married Beatrice of Portugal, daughter of King Ferdinand I of Portugal. On the death of his father-in-law (22 October 1383), John endeavoured to enforce the claims of his wife, Ferdinand's only child, to the crown of Portugal. The 1383-1385 Crisis, a period of civil unrest and anarchy in Portugal, followed. He was resisted by supporters of his rival for the throne, John I of Portugal, and was utterly defeated at the battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385.
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