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John Armstrong Jr.

John Armstrong
John Armstrong Jr Rembrandt Peale.jpg
7th United States Secretary of War
In office
January 13, 1813 – September 27, 1814
President James Madison
Preceded by William Eustis
Succeeded by James Monroe
United States Senator
from New York (Class 3)
In office
November 6, 1800 – February 5, 1802
Preceded by John Laurance
Succeeded by DeWitt Clinton
United States Senator
from New York (Class 3)
In office
November 10, 1803 – February 4, 1804
Preceded by DeWitt Clinton
Succeeded by John Smith
United States Senator
from New York (Class 1)
In office
February 4, 1804 – June 30, 1804
Preceded by Theodorus Bailey
Succeeded by Samuel L. Mitchill
Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Confederation Congress
In office
1787–1788
Personal details
Born (1758-11-25)November 25, 1758
Carlisle, Pennsylvania
Died April 1, 1843(1843-04-01) (aged 84)
Red Hook, New York
Spouse(s) Alida Livingston Armstrong
Alma mater College of New Jersey
Military service
Service/branch Continental Army
US Army
Years of service 1775 – 1777, 1782 – 1783 (Continental Army)
1812 - 1813 (US Army)
Rank Major (Continental Army)
Brigadier General (US Army)
Battles/wars American Revolutionary War
War of 1812

John Armstrong Jr. (November 25, 1758 – April 1, 1843) was an American soldier and statesman who was a delegate to the Continental Congress, U.S. Senator from New York, and Secretary of War.

Armstrong was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the younger son of General John Armstrong and Rebecca (Lyon) Armstrong. John Armstrong, Sr., was a renowned Pennsylvania soldier born in Ireland of Scottish descent. John Jr.'s older brother was James Armstrong, who became a physician and U.S. Congressman.

After early education in Carlisle, John Jr. studied at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He broke off his studies in Princeton in 1775 to return to Pennsylvania and join the fight in the Revolutionary War.

The young Armstrong initially joined a Pennsylvania militia regiment and the following year he was appointed as aide-de-camp to General Hugh Mercer of the Continental Army. In this role, he carried the wounded and dying General Mercer from the field at the Battle of Princeton. After the general died on January 12, 1777, Armstrong became an aide to General Horatio Gates. He stayed with Gates through the Battle of Saratoga then resigned due to problems with his health. In 1782 Gates asked him to return. Armstrong joined General Gates' staff as an aide with the rank of major, which he held through the rest of the war.


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