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John, King of Saxony

John
Louis Ferdinand von Rayski - König Johann von Sachsen, 1870.jpg
King of Saxony
Reign 9 August 1854 – 29 October 1873
Predecessor Frederick Augustus II
Successor Albert
Born (1801-12-12)12 December 1801
Dresden
Died 29 October 1873(1873-10-29) (aged 71)
Pillnitz, Dresden
Burial Katholische Hofkirche
Spouse Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
Issue
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Albert, King of Saxony
Princess Maria Elisabeth
George of Saxony
Princess Anna
Princess Margaretha
Princess Sophie
Full name
German: Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Aston Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus
House Wettin
Father Prince Maximilian of Saxony
Mother Princess Caroline of Parma
Religion Roman Catholicism
Full name
German: Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Aston Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus

John (full name: Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus) (German: Johann; 12 December 1801 – 29 October 1873) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

He was born in Dresden, the third son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony—younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.

During most of his life, John stood little chance of inheriting the Saxon Crown: he was preceded by his father and two older brothers, Frederick Augustus and Clement. However, in 1822 Clement died unmarried in Italy, and John was now only preceded in the line of succession by his older brother Frederick Augustus.

When his uncle Anton succeeded his older brother as king (1827), John became the third in line to the throne, and after his father Maximilian renounced his succession rights in 1830, John became in the second in line. John's older brother became King Frederick Augustus II in 1836; now he was the first in line of succession to the throne. The King, married twice, was childless. John remained as heir presumptive during all the reign of his brother.

John became King of Saxony after the death of his brother Frederick Augustus II on 9 August 1854.

The Judiciary Organization of 1855, the extension of the railroad network, the introduction of the freedom of trade are attributed mainly to his suggestion and promotion. Under his government, came the acceptance of the French Commercial Treaty (1862) and the acknowledgment of a contract with Italy. He exerted himself under influence of his minister Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust for the Great Germany Solution (de: Großdeutsche Lösung) of the imperial arrangement (under inclusion of Austria). In 1866 Saxony fought on the Austrian side in the Austro-Prussian War. Finally, after the defeat of the Battle of Königgrätz, Saxony joined the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire under the hegemony of the Kingdom of Prussia. The King died two years later, aged seventy-one.


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