Jiang Baili
| Jiang Baili | |
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| Born | 1882 Xiashi Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province, Qing Empire |
| Died | 4 November 1938 (aged 55–56) Yishan County, Guangxi Province, Republic of China |
| Allegiance | Republic of China |
| Service/branch | National Revolutionary Army |
| Years of service | 1912–1938 |
| Rank | General (posthumously awarded) |
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| Jiang Fangzhen | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 蔣方震 | ||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 蒋方震 | ||||||||
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| Baili (courtesy name) |
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| Chinese | 百里 | ||||||||
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| Danning (art name) |
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| Traditional Chinese | 澹寧 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 澹宁 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Jiǎng Fāngzhèn |
| Wade–Giles | Chiang Fang-chen |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Bǎilǐ |
| Wade–Giles | Pai-li |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Dànníng |
| Wade–Giles | Tan-ning |
Jiang Fangzhen (1882 – 4 November 1938), courtesy name Baili and art name Danning, better known as Jiang Baili, was a Chinese military writer, strategist, trainer and army general of the Republic of China.
Jiang was born in Xiashi Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province in 1882 during the late Qing dynasty. In 1898, he sat for the imperial examination at the provincial level and obtained a xiucai degree. The following year, he gained admission to the Qiushi Academy (now Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou, and later to Tsinghua University in 1901. He was recognised as a talent by the provincial officials, who sponsored him to further his studies abroad in Japan at the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko and later the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. During his time in Japan, he joined the Tongmenghui and became the chief editor of the publication Zhejiang Chao (浙江潮). He also participated in activities organised by Chinese students studying in Japan.
Jiang returned to China in 1906 and briefly served as an adviser to Zhao Erxun, the Governor of Manchuria, before leaving to further his military studies in Germany. In 1910, after returning to China, he was recommended by Liangbi (良弼; 1877–1912), a former classmate at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, to serve as a guandai (管帶; captain) in the Imperial Guards. He was later reassigned to serve in the office of Zhao Erxun again. In 1911, he became the chief adviser of the military training office in Manchuria.
After the Wuchang Uprising broke out in 1911, Jiang accepted an invitation from his friend, Jiang Lianggui (蔣良簋), the Governor of Zhejiang Province, to serve as the chief adviser in his office. Later on, Yinchang recommended Jiang to Yuan Shikai. In 1912, Jiang was appointed as the principal of the Baoding Military Academy. He attempted suicide in 1913 after failing to obtain the funding he had promised to get for his students. He was saved in time by his bodyguards and earned himself a reputation for regarding keeping his promises as more important than his life. In 1913, he became a first-class military adviser to Yuan Shikai, who had become the President of the newly established Republic of China. He wrote New Interpretations of Sun Tzu (孫子新釋) in the following year.
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