Javaka

Zabag (Chinese: Sanfotsi; Sanskrit: Javaka; Arabic: Zabaj) is thought to have been an ancient kingdom located south of China somewhere in Southeast Asia, between the Chenla Kingdom (now Cambodia) and Java. The established studies by several historians associated this kingdom with Srivijaya and thought its location was somewhere in Sumatra, Java or Malay Peninsula. Indonesian historian suggested that Zabag is connected to the present day Muara Sabak area, the estuarine of Batang Hari River in East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi province.

However, its exact location is still the subject of debate among scholars. Other possible locations such as northern Borneo and Philippines are also suggested.

Many scholars identify Srivijaya with the Arabic Zabaj, which most scholars agree in equating it with Javaka (in Pali texts), that also appeared in Indian sources. According to a Sri Lankan source, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, who had invaded Sri Lanka in 1247. However, the term Javaka was not occurred here for the first time, the term has been used vaguely to identify a polity in Southeast Asia.

The naval prowess of the Maharaja of Zabaj had played a major role in forming a legend recorded by Sulaimaan, an Arabic merchant in 851, and published by Masoudi, a historian, in his 947 book "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems." He described the story of one proud Khmer king who foolishly defied the power of the Maharaja of Zabaj.

Some scholars have sought to link this Maharaja of Zabaj with the Sailendra king of Java. However, there are few evidences to prove that the Maharaja of Zabaj is the same king of Sailendra. While the Javakan king of Tambralinga had been directly linked to Maharaja of Zabaj. Therefore, the Javaka had occurred in The history since 9th century. In addition, Javakan king also occurred in the history of Lavo kingdom.

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