James II & VII
| James II and VII | |
|---|---|
Portrait by Peter Lely
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| King of England, Scotland and Ireland (more...) | |
| Reign | 6 February 1685 – 11 December 1688 |
| Coronation | 23 April 1685 |
| Predecessor | Charles II |
| Successors | William III & II and Mary II |
| Born |
14 October 1633 (N.S.: 24 October 1633) St. James's Palace, London |
| Died | 16 September 1701 (aged 67) (N.S.) Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France |
| Burial | Church of the English Benedictines, Paris |
| Spouse |
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| Issue more... |
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| House | Stuart |
| Father | Charles I |
| Mother | Henrietta Maria of France |
| Religion | |
| Signature |  |
James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's Protestant political elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, a son called James Francis Edward, leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew William III of Orange to land an invasion army from the Dutch Republic, which he did in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated). He was replaced by his eldest, Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband, William III. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamites at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.
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