James G. Blaine
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The Honorable James G. Blaine |
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| 28th and 31st United States Secretary of State | |
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In office March 7, 1889 – June 4, 1892 |
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| President | Benjamin Harrison |
| Preceded by | Thomas F. Bayard |
| Succeeded by | John W. Foster |
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In office March 7, 1881 – December 19, 1881 |
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| President | |
| Preceded by | William M. Evarts |
| Succeeded by | Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen |
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United States Senator from Maine |
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In office July 10, 1876 – March 5, 1881 |
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| Preceded by | Lot M. Morrill |
| Succeeded by | William P. Frye |
| 27th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
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In office March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1875 |
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| President | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Preceded by | Theodore Medad Pomeroy |
| Succeeded by | Michael C. Kerr |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine's 3rd district |
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In office March 4, 1863 – July 10, 1876 |
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| Preceded by | Samuel C. Fessenden |
| Succeeded by | Edwin Flye |
| Member of the Maine House of Representatives | |
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In office 1859–1862 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
James Gillespie Blaine January 31, 1830 West Brownsville, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | January 27, 1893 (aged 62) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Harriet Stanwood Blaine |
| Children |
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| Alma mater | Washington & Jefferson College |
| Profession | |
| Religion | Congregationalist |
| Signature |  |
James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881. Blaine twice served as Secretary of State (1881, 1889–1892), one of only two persons to hold the position under three separate presidents (the other being Daniel Webster), and unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President in 1876 and 1880 before being nominated in 1884. In the general election, he was narrowly defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland. Blaine was one of the late 19th century’s leading Republicans and champion of the moderate reformist faction of the party known as the “Half-Breeds.”
Blaine was born in the western Pennsylvania town of West Brownsville and after college moved to Maine, where he became a newspaper editor. Nicknamed “the Magnetic Man", he was a charismatic speaker in an era that prized oratory. He began his political career as an early supporter of Abraham Lincoln and the Union war effort in the American Civil War. In Reconstruction, Blaine was a supporter of black suffrage, but opposed some of the more coercive measures of the Radical Republicans. Initially a protectionist, he later worked for a reduction in the tariff and an expansion of American trade with foreign countries. Railroad promotion and construction were important issues in his time, and as a result of his interest and support Blaine was widely suspected of corruption in the awarding of railroad charters; these allegations plagued his 1884 presidential candidacy.
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