James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge

James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Map of Hawaii
Location	Oʻahu, Hawaii, United States
Nearest city	Kahuku, Hawaii
Coordinates	21°41′24″N 157°57′20″W / 21.69000°N 157.95556°W / 21.69000; -157.95556Coordinates: 21°41′24″N 157°57′20″W / 21.69000°N 157.95556°W / 21.69000; -157.95556
Area	1,100 acres (4.5 km2)
Established	1976
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Website	James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge

James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii. It was established in 1976 to permanently protect an ecologically-intact unit and to provide habitat for native and migratory fauna and native flora. It established critical habitat for Hawaii's four endangered waterbirds, the ʻalae kea (Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai), koloa maoli (Hawaiian duck, Anas wyvilliana), ʻalae ʻula (Hawaiian gallinule, Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), and āeʻo (Hawaiian stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) and many migratory seabirds, endangered and native plant species, and the endangered Hawaiian monk seal and green sea turtle. It also provides increased wildlife-dependent public uses and flood control within the refuge and the local community.

James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge lies at the northernmost tip of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu, between the town of Kahuku to the east and Turtle Bay to the west. It serves as a strategic landfall for migratory birds coming from as far away as Alaska, New Zealand, and Asia. The refuge is divided into two units, Punamano and Kiʻi. The Punamano Unit, at 21°41′49″N 157°58′18″W / 21.69694°N 157.97167°W / 21.69694; -157.97167 (Punamano), is a natural spring-fed pond, while the Kiʻi Unit, at 21°41′24″N 157°57′20″W / 21.69000°N 157.95556°W / 21.69000; -157.95556, is a remnant marsh that has been drastically modified by agriculture. Wetland habitat is maintained at the Kiʻi Unit by pumping water into seven impoundments. Both units are near the coastline and the topography is nearly flat.