Jam Feroz (Jam Ferozudin) |
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Sultan of Sindh | |||||
Reign | 1508–c. 1527 | ||||
Predecessor | Jam Nizamuddin II | ||||
Regent | Darya Khan (1508–1512) | ||||
Born | Thatta, Sindh | ||||
Died | 1535-36 Khambhat |
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House | Samma | ||||
Dynasty | Samma Dynasty | ||||
Father | Jam Nizamuddin II | ||||
Religion | Islam |
Full name | |
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Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fatah Firuz Shah II |
Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fatah Firuz Shah II, son of Jam Nizam al-Din commonly known as Jam Feroz (1508–1524/5), was the last ruler of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh. Jam Feroz proved himself a weak ruler of Samma and lost his kingdom to Arguns, thus Sindh came under foreign rulers.
Jam Feroz succeeded his father Jam Nizamuddin at a young age and owing to his age, Darya Khan, who was an adopted son of Late Jam Nizamuddin, came forward as Feroz's guardian. In fact it was through the influence of Jam Darya Khan and some other chief courtiers of the late Jam Nizamuddin that Feroz was put on the throne against the attempts of Jam Salahuddin, a grandson of Jam Sanjar, who was also the claimant of throne.Disappointed, Jam Salahuddin went about inciting people to revolt against the ruler, and causing other mischief against Jam Feroz. Failing, Jam Salahuddin went to live in Gujarat Sultanate where his aunt was married to Sultan Muzaffar II (1511-1526).
From the beginning of rule of Jam Feroz the conduct of state affairs was in the hands of his guardian, Darya Khan thus when Feroz was a young man, he spent his time in his harem and seldom went out. Whenever he did go out he gave himself up to the enjoyment of song and dance of dancing girls and the jokes of jesters.During the time of Jam Feroz Samma princes and 'Khaskhelis' (Royal Guards) conspired against Darya Khan, and encouraged Jam Feroz to become independent of him. Darya Khan found it prudent to retire to his Jagir in 'Gahan' or 'Kahan' near Sehwan.Thus he spent his time among the learned men who had settled there to escape religious militancy which was sweeping Iran and Khorasan. The most learned men of the time lived in that village, Makhdum Abdul Aziz Abhari, Maolaua Asiruddin Abhari, and his son Maolana Muhammad. They had come from Herat in 1521 AD.
Owing to the ill-behavior of Feroz and his disregard of state affairs, his people wrote a letter to Jam Salahuddin informing him how Feroz was often indifferent to their wishes and wants, that Darya Khan, who was the best manager of affairs had also left him and that it was a good opportunity for him to come and take over the government of Thatta from Jam Feroz. When Salahuddin got this letter from the people of Thatta, he showed it to Sultan Muzaffar, King of Gujarat, who sent him with a large army to Thatta. Jam Feroz was kept ignorant, and thus unprepared by his Nobles who had conspired with Jam Salahuddin . They now advised him to flee.This facilitated jam Salahuddin's entry into Thatta without encountering a resistance.Meanwhile, Khaskhelis captured Feroz and demanded a large sum of money as ransom. His mother,queen Madina Machhani then persuaded Feroz to go to Gahan and seek help from Darya Khan, where in his presence he repented of his past doings and asked for his pardon. Darya Khan remembered his old privileges and determined to do something about the matter. He began to gather an army and soon the people of Bakhar and Sehwan assembled under Feroz’s standard. The tribes of Baloch also pitched in.