Jalil Mammadguluzade

Jalil Mammadguluzadeh
Born	Jalil Huseyngulu oglu Mammadguluzadeh 22 February 1866 Nakhchivan City, Erivan Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	4 January 1932 (aged 65) Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR
Education	Transcaucasian Teachers Seminary, Gori
Occupation	Teacher, journalist, writer
Spouse(s)	Nazli Kangarli (died 1903) Hamida Javanshir (1907-1932; his death)

Jalil Huseyngulu oglu Mammadguluzadeh, also spelled as Jalil Mohammad Qolizadeh (Azerbaijani: Cəlil Məmmədquluzadə; 22 February 1866 – 4 January 1932), was an Azerbaijani satirist and writer. He is considered as one of first feminists in Azerbaijan and Middle East and had a big role in foundation of first women's magazine in Azerbaijan.

Mammadguluzadeh was born in Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, his father was an Iranian Azerbaijani merchant. Mammadguluzadeh considered himself to be Iranian, and was proud of the fact that his ancestors hailed from Iran. In 1887, he graduated from the Gori Pedagogical Seminary and for the next ten years was involved in teaching at rural schools in Bash-Norashen, Ulukhanli, Nehram and other towns and villages of the Erivan Governorate.

Mammadguluzadeh was a strong activist of the language unification movement. He condemned many of his contemporaries for what he considered a corruption of the Azeri language by replacing its genuine vocabulary with newly introduced Russian, Persian and Ottoman Turkish loanwords, often alien and confusing to many readers. Later he became deeply involved in the process of Romanization of the Azeri alphabet.

In 1898, he moved to Erivan; in 1903, he moved to Tiflis where he became a columnist for the local Sharqi-Rus newspaper published in the Azeri language. In 1906, he founded a satirical magazine entitled Molla Nasraddin.

Frequent military conflicts and overall political instability in the Caucasus forced him to move to Tabriz, Persia, where he continued his career as a chief-editor and columnist for Molla Nasraddin. He eventually settled in Baku in 1921.

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