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Isoamyl acetate

Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl-acetate-3D-balls.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3-Methylbutyl acetate
Systematic IUPAC name
3-Methylbutyl ethanoate
Other names
Isopentyl acetate
Isopentyl ethanoate
Isoamyl acetate
Banana oil
Pear essence
Identifiers
123-92-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:31725 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL42013 YesY
ChemSpider 29016 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.240
KEGG C12296 YesY
UNII Z135787824 YesY
Properties
C7H14O2
Molar mass 130.19 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Banana-like
Density 0.876 g/cm3
Melting point −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
Boiling point 142 °C (288 °F; 415 K)
0.3% (20 °C)
Vapor pressure 4 mmHg (20 °C)
-89.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasoline) Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)
Explosive limits 1.0% (100 °C) - 7.5%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
7422 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
16,600 mg/kg (rat, oral)
6470 ppm (cat)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 100 ppm (525 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 100 ppm (525 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
1000 ppm
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. Isoamyl acetate has a strong odor which is also described as similar to both banana and pear.Banana oil may be either pure isoamyl acetate, or flavorings that are mixtures of isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, and other flavors.

Isoamyl acetate is prepared by the acid catalyzed reaction (Fischer esterification) between isoamyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid as shown in the reaction equation below. Typically, sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst. Alternately, an acidic ion exchange resin can be used as the catalyst.

Isoamyl acetate synthesis.png

Isoamyl acetate is used to confer banana flavor in foods. Pear oil commonly refers to a solution of isoamyl acetate in ethanol that is used as an artificial flavor.

It is also used as a solvent for some varnishes and nitrocellulose lacquers. As a solvent and carrier for materials such as nitrocellulose, it was extensively used in the aircraft industry for stiffening and wind-proofing fabric flying surfaces, where it and its derivatives were generally known as 'aircraft dope'. Now that most aircraft are all-metal, such use is now mostly limited to historically accurate reproductions and scale models. In addition, isoamyl acetate serves as an alarm pheromone in honey bees.


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