International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Parties and signatories of the ICCPR   State party   Signatory that has not ratified   State party that attempted to withdraw   Non-state party, non-signatory
Type	United Nations General Assembly Resolution
Drafted	1954
Signed	16 December 1966
Location	United Nations Headquarters, New York
Effective	23 March 1976
Signatories	74
Parties	169
Depositary	Secretary General of the United Nations
Languages	French, English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976. It commits its parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial. As of February 2017^[update], the Covenant has 169 parties and six more signatories without ratification.

The ICCPR is part of the International Bill of Human Rights, along with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The ICCPR is monitored by the United Nations Human Rights Committee (a separate body to the United Nations Human Rights Council), which reviews regular reports of States parties on how the rights are being implemented. States must report initially one year after acceding to the Covenant and then whenever the Committee requests (usually every four years). The Committee normally meets in Geneva and normally holds three sessions per year.

The ICCPR has its roots in the same process that led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A "Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man" had been proposed at the 1945 San Francisco Conference which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the Economic and Social Council was given the task of drafting it. Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth general principles of human rights, and a convention or covenant containing binding commitments. The former evolved into the UDHR and was adopted on 10 December 1948.