Indonesian National Army
| TNI-AD Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Darat (Indonesian Army) |
|
|---|---|
TNI-AD insignia
|
|
| Active | 15 December 1945 – present |
| Country |
 Indonesia
|
| Allegiance |
 President of Indonesia
|
| Branch | Indonesian National Armed Forces |
| Type | Army |
| Role |
|
| Size | 300,000 |
| Part of | Indonesian National Armed Forces |
| Motto(s) |
Kartika Eka Paksi (Sanskrit, lit: "Unmatchable Bird with Noble Goals") |
| Colours | Red White Gold |
| Anniversaries | 15 December 1945 |
| Engagements |
Indonesian Independence Darul Islam Rebellion Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation East Timor Invasion Counter-insurgency in Aceh Counter-insurgency in Maluku Papua conflict Operation Tinombala |
| Website | www |
| Commanders | |
| Commander-in-Chief | President Joko Widodo |
| General | |
| Lieutenant General | |
| Insignia | |
| Army Aviation Roundel & Fin Flash |
 
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The Indonesian Army (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Darat, TNI–AD), the land component of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has an estimated strength of 300,000 active personnel. The history of the Indonesian Army has its roots in 1945 when the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) "Civil Security Forces" first emerged as a paramilitary and police corps.
Since the nation's independence movement, the Indonesian Army has been involved in multifaceted operations ranging from the incorporation of Western New Guinea, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, to the annexation of East Timor, as well as internal counter-insurgency operations in Aceh, Maluku, and Papua.
The Indonesia Army is composed of a headquarters, 12 military area commands, a strategic reserve command KOSTRAD, a special forces command Kopassus, and various adjunct units.
In the week following the Japanese surrender of 1945, the Giyugun (PETA) and Heiho groups were disbanded by the Japanese. Most PETA and Heiho members did not yet know about the declaration of independence. Command structures and membership vital for a national army were consequently dismantled. Thus, rather than being formed from a trained, armed, and organised army, the Republican armed forces began to grow in September from usually younger, less trained groups built around charismatic leaders. Creating a rational military structure that was obedient to central authority from such disorganisation, was one of the major problems of the revolution, a problem that remains through to contemporary times. In the self-created Indonesian army, Japanese-trained Indonesian officers prevailed over those trained by the Dutch. A thirty-year-old former school teacher, Sudirman, was elected 'commander-in-chief' at the first meeting of Division Commanders in Yogyakarta on 12 November 1945.
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Wikipedia