Icchak Cukierman
| Yitzhak Zuckerman | |
|---|---|
Yitzhak Zuckerman testifies for the prosecution during the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961.
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| Born |
December 13, 1915 Vilnius, Russia |
| Died | June 17, 1981 (aged 65) Lohamei HaGeta'ot, Israel |
| Nationality | Poland |
| Known for | One of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
| Spouse(s) | Zivia Lubetkin (m. 1946) |
Yitzhak Zuckerman (December 13, 1915 – June 17, 1981), also known by his nom de guerre "Antek", or by the Polish spelling Icchak Cukierman, was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1943 and fighter of Warsaw Uprising 1944—both heroic struggles against Nazi German terror during World War II.
Zuckerman was born in Vilnius, partitioned Poland (then part of the Russian Empire) into a Jewish family. As a young man he embraced the concepts of socialism and Zionism.
After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was in the area overrun by the Red Army and initially stayed in the Soviet zone of occupation, where he took an active part in the creation of various Jewish underground socialist organisations. In the spring of 1940 he moved to Warsaw, where he became a leader of the leaders of the Dror Hechaluc youth movement, along with his future wife Zivia Lubetkin.
In 1941 he became the deputy commander of the ŻOB resistance organisation. In this capacity, he served mainly as the envoy between the commander of ŻOB and the commanders of the Polish resistance organizations of Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa. On December 22, 1942, he and two accomplices attacked a café in Kraków that was being used by the SS and Gestapo. Zuckerman was wounded and narrowly escaped, and his two comrades were tracked down and killed.
In 1943, he was working on the "Aryan" side of Warsaw to procure guns and ammunition when the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising erupted. Unable to enter the ghetto to join his comrades in battle, he nonetheless proved a crucial link between resistance forces within the ghetto and the Home Army on the "Aryan" side. Along with Simcha "Kazik" Rotem, he organized the escape of the surviving ZOB fighters through the sewers to safety. During the later Warsaw Uprising of 1944, he led a small troop of 322 survivors of the Ghetto Uprising as they fought the Germans in the ranks of the Home Army.
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